Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions characterised by progressive optic nerve damage, often driven by pathologically elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Left unmanaged, optic nerve degeneration leads to irreversible peripheral and central vision loss.

GLAUCOMA

An overview of

GLAUCOMA

SYMPTOMS

"The Silent Thief of Sight": Early stages usually present no pain or noticeable visual changes.
Progressive Changes: Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision, leading to "tunnel vision" in advanced stages.
Acute Angle-Closure (Emergency): Severe eye pain, headache, redness, blurred vision, and halos around lights.

DIAGNOSIS & SCREENING

Early detection via routine ophthalmic evaluation is the only way to prevent permanent optic nerve damage. Diagnostic protocols include:

Tonometry: Accurate measurement of internal eye pressure.
Optic Nerve Imaging: High-resolution OCT scanning to measure nerve fiber layer thickness.
Visual Field Testing: Computerised Humphrey perimetry to map functional peripheral vision.

TREATMENT & SURGERY

While lost vision cannot be restored, lowering intraocular pressure prevents further loss:

Medical Therapy: Daily hypotensive eye drops formulated to lower fluid production or improve drainage.
Laser Procedures: Laser trabeculoplasty to enhance natural fluid outflow.
Surgical Interventions: Filtering surgeries (trabeculectomy) or glaucoma drainage devices when medications or lasers are insufficient